Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels and allows glucose to enter cells to provide energy. Without sufficient insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause of Type 1 diabetes is still unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role.

People with Type 1 diabetes require daily insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump to control their blood sugar levels. They also need to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly throughout the day, often through finger-prick tests or continuous glucose monitoring systems.

Living with Type 1 diabetes requires a careful balance of insulin, diet, physical activity, and monitoring to maintain stable blood sugar levels. It can be challenging and may involve lifestyle adjustments, but with proper management, people with Type 1 diabetes can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.

It is important for individuals with Type 1 diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals, such as endocrinologists and diabetes educators, who can provide guidance on insulin management, meal planning, exercise, and overall diabetes self-care. They can also help individuals address the emotional and psychological aspects of living with a chronic condition.